Jhana article- Indonesian Version

Just call it Jhāna
Sebut Saja Jhana

Translated by Budi Wijaya

Your Jhāna attainment, safety and dangers.
Pencapaian Jhana, keselamatan dan bahaya


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What is Jhāna?
Apakah Jhana itu?


Jhana adalah Jhana. Jhana adalah suku kata Pali yang traditional dan murni. Kita tidak menterjemahkan beberapa suku kata traditional Pali; bila kita dapat menterjemahkannya, maka pemahaman yang sebenarnya akan kata itu sendiri akan hilang, seperti kata Buddha, Dhamma, Sugato, Arahant, Jhana dan banyak lagi. Maka itu kita sebut saja Jhana

Terdapat sebuah kata “Dhayana” dalam sastra Vedic, yang memiliki arti yang hampir sama dengan kata Jhana. Dalam ajaran Hindu atau tradisi Vedic, Dhayana diartikan sebagai meditasi atau kondisi keadaan meditasi, dianggap sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan pendalaman diri, memisahkan Maya (ilusi) dari kenyataan untuk membantu mencapai tujuan tertinggi, Moksha. Zaman dahulu, Dhayana juga dianggap sebagai Yoga, seperti Bhakti yoga, Jnana yoga dan lainnya


Sekarang, jika kita ingin menterjemahkan kata Jhana kedalam bahasa Inggris, cendekiawan budhis menterjemahkan Jhana sebagai penyerapan, khususnya penyerapan meditasi. Penyerapan itu sendiri memiliki banyak arti, seperti asimilasi, kombinasi, dan penyertaan pikiran, dll. Dalam pelatihannya, dapat pula disebut sebagai pengaturan pikiran yang tidak teratur. Maka itu, conceptual Jhana adalah mengenai pikiran dan mentalitas.


Dalam ajaran budhist, ini bukanlah hanya sebagai proses untuk mengatur pikiran yang tidak teratur tetapi juga sebagai peng-aktualisasi diri dan hanya bisa dicapai atau dimengerti dengan meditasi. Maka itu, Jhana adalah kondisi meditasi pada keheningan mendalam dan konsentrasi. Terkadang hal ini juga selalu diajarkan sebagai kondisi dimana ketika pikiran menjadi terbenam dan terserap seluruhnya pada object yang dipilih, dengan perhatian tunggal, dikarakterkan dengan tidak menduanya kesadaran. Hal ini juga selalu dilatih untuk memperhatikan dan meningkatkan pandangan pada pengalaman yang mengalir. Buddha sekalipun dalam perjalanan nya untuk mencapai tingkat pencerahan, Jhana selalu menjadi prioritas utamaNya. Sekalipun kondisi Jhana bukan jalan untuk tercerahkan, untuk memasuki pencerahan itu sendiri, Jhana bekerja seperti passport, visa atau ijin untuk mendarat. Poin penting lainnya untuk dapat lebih menjelaskan adalah nafas terus mengalir dalam setiap kondisi pikiran, Jhana sekalipun, yang mana dapat dijelaskan sebagai kondisi konsentrasi yang terpusat pada objek apapun (Ekagata), kondisi kesadaran terarah pada satu titik.


In Buddhist Traditional Way of Teaching-
Dalam pengajaran tradisi Budhis-


Jhana adalah kondisi pikiran yang murni, mahir, terkonsentrasi, memahami, terdidik, penuh dengan kebijaksanaan, terbebas dari kekhawatiran dan stres, terbebas dari pergolakan dan terbebas dari 5 penghalang utama (Panca-nivarana). Kami tidak menggunakan peralatan elektronik untuk men scan kondisi mental ini, tetapi hal ini menjadi jelas dengan bagaimana kita berperilaku, dengan kombinasi cinta kasih universal-kasih sayang-rasa simpati-kegembiraan-ketenangan hati (metta-karuna-mudita-upekkha). Bila anda mencoba memasukkan kedalam teknik alpha-delta , anda kehilangan arti ini semua.

Lalu, apa saja 5 penghalang yang selalu mengangu, dan menyebabkan stress dan mengotori pikiran?


Mereka disebut-

1. Kamacchanda- keinginan pada objek objek sensual yang menyenangkan (saya hanya akan menyebutnya nafsu, karena masalah besar dalam masyarakat).
2. Byapada- perasaan benci, tidak menyukai secara extreme, perang, konflik, dendam. Ingat, semua itu hanyalah kondisi mental. Konflik dalam diri, kekerasan lokal dan kekerasan internasional disebabkan oleh kondisi mental tersebut
3. Uddhacca-kukkuccha- kegelisahan, kekhawatiran dan stres adalah kondisi mental yang kita miliki juga. Menjadi stress adalah menjadi tersesat.
4. Thina-middha- kemalasan, kebodohan, dan ketumpulan. Tidak peduli apa atau bagaimana, apapun yang dilakukan oleh / untuk dirimu sendiri terasa tumpul. Dalam kondisi demikian, saya dapat disebut bikhu yang depresi (tertawa), anda pun dapat disebut orang yang depresi pula.
5. Ditthit- keraguan, pandangan salah, persepsi yang salah, salah pendidikan, salah pengajaran, salah guru, salah tradisi, salah buku dan teknik yang salah. Dengan nada yang tidak terlalu negatif, mungkin dapat saya katakan bila “salah” juga berarti tidak bijaksana atau pikiran yang tidak terlatih, tujuan , keyakinan, dan lainnya. Maka itu, tidak peduli apa yang kamu lakukan, bila anda berada di tempat yang dalah dan melakukan hal yang salah, maka anda akan kehilangan semuanya.

Demikian lima penghalang utama yang dikemukakan oleh Buddha yang dapat menyebabkan konflik dalam batin, domestik , international dan kekerasan dunia, secara internal dan external. Saya sangat merekomendasikan agar ke lima nama tersebut dilaporkan kepada agen inteligen amerika , FBI dan CIA untuk memasukkan mereka kedalam daftar yang paling dicari

Kelima penghalang tersebut tidak dapat diidentifikasi, ditangkap, dikendalikan, dikalahkan, atau dihentikan sampai dengan anda terlatih di dalam tiga lapis pelatihan , yang disebut, moralitas, konsentrasi dan kebijaksanaan (sila-samadhi-panna). Mengikuti atau berlatih dalam Jalan Tengah (Majjhima-patipada) hanyalah satu satunya jalan yang berguna dan bijaksana untuk dapat mengalahkan mereka.

Masalah dan proses ini secara keseluruhan adalah mengenai Mentalitas. Maka itu kenapa Buddha sering mengatakan “Cittena niyati loko”: Dunia dipimpin oleh pikiran

Seseorang tidak akan terkejut jika para praktisi dari tradisi materialistis psikologi, psikiater, psychoterapi, dan konsultan mengatakan bahwa kondisi saat ini adalah “Krisis Spiritual”. Ingat, pemerintah harus menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan, membuat uang terus mengalir ke perusahaan asuransi, dan para praktisi harus membayar tagihan mereka. Mereka juga harus hidup. Kemudian, bilamana anda saat ini menghargai Kebenaran Mulia yang pertama dari Buddha, yang dinamakan “Stress”, Dukka, dan siap menghadapi “Krisis Spiritual”. Anda dipersilahkan untuk melanjutkan membaca artikel ini.


What is the Characteristic of Jhāna?
Apa saja karakter dari Jhana?


Jhana itu sendiri hanyalah damai , damai dan damai. Ketika seseorang mencapai Jhana, pikiran nya akan terbebas dari gangguan, dari semua hal yang dapat mengganggu. Pada saat itu, pikiran hanya menghasilkan kondisi yang sehat, yang ahli, dan pikiran yang bijaksana. Yang berarti pikiran tidak lagi tidak teratur dan terkotori. Ini adalah kondisi dimana pikiran terbebas dari kekotoran.

There are two forms of Jhāna:
2 bentuk Jhana :

1. Rupa Jhana – diterjemahkan sebagai Jhana material yang halus (15 jumlahnya)
2. Arupa Jhana – diterjemahkan sebagai Jhana yang tidak bermateri atau berbentuk (9 jumlahnya)


Stages of the Jhāna
Tingkatan Jhana

There are five stages of a Jhāna attained mind
5 tingkatan Jhana yang dapat dicapai

1. Vitakka – aplikasi awal yang mengarahkan pikiran pada object
2. Vicara- aplikasi yang terus menerus memperhatikan dan memeriksa object (secara positif).
3. Piti- kesenangan atau kegembiraan atas ketertarikan pada objek
4. Vedana – perasaan, sensasi. Terdapat 2 jenis perasaan yang timbul dalam kondisi Jhana, dan keduanya benar. A. Suka vedana – kesenangan atau perasaan menyetujui, yang adalah kepuasan batin, dan B. Upekkha vedana – perasaan netral, ketenangan (tidak menghakimi tetapi terarah dalam pikiran)
5. Ekaggata – yang mana – tidak menunjuk atau konsentrasi. Pikiran ter konsentrasi.


The First Jhāna State
Tingkat Jhana Pertama


Seperti yang sudah saya singgung sebelumnya bahwa terdapat beberapa jenis tingkatan Jhana dalam beberapa bentuk. Saya sangat senang untuk lebih membicara kan mengenai Jhana pertama. Jika anda pernah mencapai Jhana pertama, selamat (tapi belum selesai)! Kenapa? Nanti akan saya jelaskan.


The very first state of the Jhāna-family is as follows-
Tingkatan Jhana yang paling awal adalah sebagai berikut


“Vitakka, vicaram, piti, sukham ekkagatam rupavacaran kusala jhana cittam ekam”. Untuk mencapai Jhana, seorang meditator harus menetapkan pikirannya pada objek meditasi untuk mengurangi dan menghilangkan kualitas mental yang tidak terlatih atau yang lebih rendah yang disebut sebagai 5 penghalang utama (kesenangan sensual atau nafsu, kebencian, kemalasan, kejenuhan dan kekhawatiran, dan ketidak yakinan atau kebingungan atau pandangan salah), dan mengembangkan kemajuan lima tingkatan Jhana (seperti yang disebutkan diatas) dengan kesatuan pikiran atau satu tujuan, bergantung pada pencapaian yang sebenarnya. Pada tingkatan ini, hanya pergerakan pikiran yang sangat halus yang tersisah. Kemampuan untuk membentuk berhentinya keinginan.

Cara terbaik untuk mengatakannya adalah pikiran yang tidak teratur telah menjadi teratur dan pelanggan telah siap untuk dilepaskan. Maka itu saya katakan, “selamat, tugas selesai (tapi belum selesai)!”


Your Safety
Keselamatan anda


Jika, sebagai contoh, anda berada dalam kondisi Jhana dan anda meninggal, anda akan secara langsung masuk ke alam yang lebih baik , atau alam Brahma. Dikarenakan tidak melekatnya pada kesenangan sensual , anda tidak akan terlahir dalam alam keinginan, seperti alam surga, alam neraka, atau alam manusia. Terlahir pada alam yang lebih tinggi, anda hanya akan tetap bermeditasi dan menikmati saat di alam itu pada saat ini. Lalu anda hanya akan naik ke level yang lebih tinggi melalui konsentrasi dan meditasi menuju tingkatan Jhana akhir dalam Arupa Jhana (dunia yang tak bermateri) yang dinamakan Nevasanna-na-sannayatana, yang berarti lingkaran tanpa persepsi juga bukan dengan persepsi. Bisa bayangkan situasi itu! Tetapi anda tetap bernafas dalam kondisi ini dan akhirnya anda mencapai Nibbana, akhir dari penderitaan. Maka anda sudah selesai.


Para praktisi mungkin mengatakan saya sudah gila, karena saya menuju KETIADAAN. Inilah REALITANYA. Saya ingin katakan kepada mereka bahwa realita mereka adalah SEX, UANG, DAN POWER, dan realita saya adalah MORALITAS, KONSENTRASI dan KEBIJAKSANAAN.


Anda dapat namankan KETIADAAN. Hanya saja kami tidak memanggilnya ketiadaan tetapi damai dan kesenangan yang selamanya.


Your Dangerous Turns
Pilihan anda yang berbahaya


Jhana bukanlah kondisi yang permanen. Anda harus terus berlatih dengan cara anda mencapainya. Kondisi Jhana seperti situasi yang timbul dan tenggelam; tidak terjamin. Anda mencapainya dengan tujuan yang baik dan anda jatuh karena keinginan. Jhana tidak mencamin pencapaianmu tetapi menghasilkan energi untuk melawan lima penghalang mental, dan menghasilkan kedamaian, ketenangan dan kesenangan. Terkadang anda hidup, tinggal , menikmati, dalam Jhana kemudian anda kembali lagi. Pada saat itu, dengan satu tujuan pikiran, seseorang dapat mengembangkan EGO, EGO yang lebih BESAR, SUPER EGO. Ini adalah bagian yang paling berbahaya, pilihan yang berbahaya. Menurut pengajaran Buddhist, tidak ada ego yang sebenarnya atau ego yang absolut. Kita menamakannya illusi, delusi dan akar dari semua kondisi mental yang tidak menyenangkan.


Semua menjadi ego insting, Freud mengatakannya ID, EGO, dan SUPER EGO. Schopenhauer memanggilnya SEXUALITI, LIBIDO dan BUNUH DIRI, dan Buddha menamakannya KAMATANHA (keinginan untuk kesenangan sensual), BHAVATANHA (keinginan untuk eksis), VIBHAVANTANHA (keinginan untuk tidak eksis). Menurut ajaran Buddhist, semua jenis keinginan memiliki efek seperti ini dan efek samping. Maka ketika seseorang mencapai Jhana tetapi tidak meneruskan latihannya dan kemudian melekat pada dirinya sendiri dan membangun egonya, dia akan mengatakan , “Saya telah mencapai Jhana,” dan membicarakan tentang Jhana dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan perhatian. Jika dia tidak terus berlatih Jhana, dia akan tersesat. Dalam kondisi ini, jika anda seorang bikhu, anda akan kehilangan apa yang telah anda capai, arahan, lalu masyarakat akan memepertimbangkan anda. Anda akan menjadi orang yang kontroversi, dan akhirnya anda akan kehilangan posisi anda dan dikucilkan. Jika anda hanyalah seorang pengikut dan anda membangun ego seperti yang diuraikan di atas. Maka realita anda adalah Sex, Uang dan Power, bukannya Moralitas, Konsentrasi dan Kebijaksanaan. Inilah jalan yang akan membuat identitas anda hilang.


Ego ini terciptakan oleh seorang bikhu pada kondisi ini dengan mengembangkan kemelekatan pada kondisi yang telah ia capai , alami dan nikmati. Karena ia telah mengembangkan konsentrasi dan satu tujuan, dia tahu apa yang dia lakukan, tetapi dikarenakan tujuan nya untuk mengambil perhatian dari yang lain, mendapatkan keuntungan atau memamerkan dirinya sendiri, dia telah menciptakan ego. Sekarang dapat dikatakan bagaimana kondisi mental atau praktisi psychology mengembangkan ego, mereka banyak membaca dan menulis, tertarik pada personalitas yang lain, dan mulai menghakimi. Itulah bagaimana seseorang mengembangkan ego


Buddha memberitahukan murid – murid nya untuk mencegah kondisi ego ini mereka tidak boleh memberitahukan atau menunjukkan pencapaian mereka kepada yang lain, meskipun mereka telah mencapai pencapaian yang lebih tinggi atau dapat mengembangkan semacam kekuatan mistis. Mereka tidak diperbolehkan untuk mengatakan kepada siapapun “Saya tahu ini” atau “Saya tahu itu” (iti janami, iti passami). Ada sebuah aturan untuk para Bikkhu, TIDAK MEMBICARAKAN MENGENAI PENCAPAIAN. Melanggar aturan ini berarti kehilangan hak ke Bikhu an (Parajika, Hukum kubur ke 3).


Kata yang tepat untuk mengatakan ini adalah :”Saya tahu teknik ini untuk mencegah problem mental Saya tahu teknik itu untuk mencegah problem mental.” Ini bagaimana mereka kehilangan personalitas.


How do these Hindrances could be Dangerous
Bagaimana Penghalang ini semua dapat menjadi bahaya


Dalam Samyutta Nikaya, Buddha menjelaskan dengan bantuan air sebagai perumpamaan bagaimana semua penghalang ini menyelimuti pandangan mental seseorang. Pikiran pada saat kelahiran begitu bersinar dan murni dikatakan oleh Buddha. Kemudian bersentuhan dengan dunia luar yang mengotori dan menggelepar seperti ikan yang terlempar keluar dari air , meronta dan terengah – rengah sengsara menjelang kematian. Pikiran yang merindukan kesenangan indera adalah seperti sebuah mangkok berisikan air berwarna warni hasil campuran warna merah, biru atau kuning, tidak ada yang menunjukkan rekflesi diri sendiri. Pikiran yang meluap – luap dengan kemarahan , seperti panci air mendidih yang tergila gila menciptakan uap dan buih, tidak ada yang menunjukkan reflesi diri sendiri. Pikiran yang dipenuhi dengan kemalasan adalah seperti sebuah kolam yang dipenuhi lumut dan rumput , gelap dan air berlumpur, tidak ada yang menunjukkan refleksi diri sendiri. Pikiran yang terlalu bergembira dan khawatir, seperti laut yang bergejolak dalam badai dan melempar air ke arah mana saja, tidak ada yang menunjukkan refleksi diri sendiri.


About Reality
Tentang Realita



Terdapat dua jenis realita : 1. Realita yang riil (paramattha sacca). 2. Conceptual Realita (pannatti sacca). Saya tahu kalau hal ini sangat kontroversi, tetapi saya tetap ingin mengingatkan. Saya ingin membicarakan conceptual realita; pada saat ini di masyarakat yang materialistis, kita menganggap conceptual realita sebagai realita, dan itu adalah sex, uang dan power. Itu realitanya dan anda mencarinya. Realita yang sebenarnya dari situasi yang ada adalah apapun yang anda miliki – uang, sex, atau power – suatu hari anda akan mati atau menghadapi kematian dan permainan selesai. Itulah realita yang sebenarnya. Jadi sebenarnya kita tidak mengarah pada kekosongan, kita mengarah pada kedamaian batin yang abadi yang dinamakan Nibbana.



Good People do Bad Things
Orang Baik melakukan Hal yang Tidak Baik


Anda mungkin berp[ikir saya telah menghakimi, mungkin , mungkin tidak. Lalu apa yang akan anda katakan? Dengan mengatakan ini, ini juga berarti sepakat, dengan conceptual realita membantu kita untuk berlatih realita yang sebenarnya. Sebagai contoh, seseorang menanyakan anda pertanyaan “Ya” atau “Tidak”. Maka anda harus menjawab “ya” atau “tidak”. Maka jawaban “iya” yang simpel dapat menjadi positif dan “tidak” menjadi negatif. Salah satu teman saya dari USA menyarankan saya bahwa saya tidak seharusnya menterjemahkan beberapa kata menjadi Negatif atau Positif, tetapi seperti penterjemahan bijaksana dan tidak bijaksana, yang terlatih dan yang tidak terlatih. Apa perbedaannya? Kenapa kita begitu alergi terhadapa hal yang conceptual? Bagaimana kita dapat menghadapi realita yang sebenarnya?



Mari kita kembali ke point nya. Saya akan menjelaskan kepada anda mengapa dan bagaimana orang yang baik melakukan hal yang buruk. Sekali lagi, alasannya adalah EGO, DIRI atau JIWA. Jika seseorang dalam Jhana berhasil berakhir dengan EGO, berpikir bahwa dirinya sangat baik, maka mereka membiarkan diri mereka terbuka untuk menjadi sangat tidak baik juga. Kita hidup di masyarakat dan masyarakat tidak menilai semana mestinya. Mahatma Gandhi (Mahanlal Karamchand Gandhi) adalah salah satu favorit personaliti saya. Dia dinamakan Mahatma. Mahatma berarti Jiwa Besar (Maha berarti Besar dan Atma berarti Jiwa). Dia juga dikenal sebagai Bapu , Ayah. Dia sangat sabar, rendah hati , setia, mengabdi, sederhana, dan pemimpin anti kekerasan. Masa penjajahan Inggris di India bermasalah dikarenakan kepemimpinannya. Bahkan Kerajaan Inggris tergoyangkan oleh kepemimpinan gaya hidup Jiwa Besar ini. Terdapat suatu cuplikan lucu di salah satu film India: terdapat seorang aktor pemabuk dan temannya yang sedang berjalan di suatu tempat. Si aktor pemabuk bertanya pada temannya, “Lihat, Saya melihat sebuah boneka besar, seseorang pasti lupa meninggalkannya.” Lalu temannya berkata, “tidak! Ini adalah patung Bapu dan ini dibuat sebagai penghargaan dan monumen untuk Bapu kita.” Kamu tahu, Bapu kita adalah orang yang sangat berpengaruh, dia selalu membawa tongkat bambu di tanganya, dan menunjuk kepada orang Inggrish dan mengatakan “keluar dari rumah saya”, dan mereka keluar.



Ya, jiwa nya memiliki kekuatan semacam itu, Maha Atma. Sedih tetapi memang benar, meskipun dia adalah jiwa besar namun dalam hidupnya tidak seperti ranjang yang penuh dengan bunga mawar. Dia ditembak mati oleh Nathuram Godse, seorang korban dari etnik Hindustan – Pakistan. Keputusan Gandhi untuk memisahkan India dan Pakistan menyebabkan banyak kehancuran , jutaan jiwa manusia telah terengut, perempuan dan anak – anak diperkosa, disiksa, dibunuh dan rumah mereka dibakar. Bahkan hingga saat ini India dan Pakistan masih menjadi musuh bebuyutan antar sesamanya.


Dengan cara yang sama, pencapaian Jhana dapat memberikan anda jiwa yang besar atau ego. Tulang anda dapat disembah sebagai simbol kenegaraan dan tongkat bambu anda dapat menghancurkan melebihi senjata M-16 Amerika atau AK47 Rusia. Bila anda menyalahgunakan jiwa besar ini, keputusan salah anda dapat menyebabkan kehancuran besar yang mengambil jutaan nyawa manusia , dan anda sepantasnya ditembak mati


Dengan cara yang sama, bila anda seorang bikhu dengan jiwa besar atau ego dengan pencapaian Jhana, anda dapat disembah oleh banyak pengikut dan pelajar, banya negara dan tradisi akan mengundang anda untuk berkunjung dan memberikan pengajaran. Bila anda menyalahgunakan pencapaian Jhana dengan ego, masyarakat akan trauma dengan perilaku anda, memanggil anda seorang penghianat, orang yang kalah, penipu akhirnya anda akan dikucilkan.


Jika anada seorang praktisi dengan jiwa demikian atau ego dalam pencapaian Jhana, anda akan dihadiahkan oleh komite Nobel untuk pencapaian kerja riset anda , anda dapat dianggap sebagai pahlawan, mendapatkan gelar Ph>D. Atau M.D., mendapatkan banyak pelanggan. Jika anda menyalahgunakan jiwa demikian atau ego, anda dapat kehilangan izin kerja dan dilarang untuk menemui pelanggan. Saya dengar Freud punya pegalaman demikian. Bahkan mungkin anda akan mencoba untuk bunuh diri. Saya juga banyak mendengar banyak psykolog yang bunuh diri.


Not Done Yet
Belum Selesai


Seperti yang saya utarakan sebelumnya, walaupun anda telah mencapai atau mengalami tingkatan Jhana tertentu, ingat, anda belum selesai. Dengan kekuatan mental (sekalipun kekuatan ajaib) atau dengan harga diri anda menjadi raja, ratu, presiden, pemenang nobel prize , tokoh masyarakat, suami atau istri yang baik, bikhu yang baik, nabi, psychologist atau terapi yang hebat dan seterusnya. Namun, jika kita tidak melanjutkan berlatih , kita dapat menjadi berantakan dengan hal hal yang tidak baik.


Tolong dicatat bahwa Jhana tidak memusnahkan penghalang mental dalam pikiran. Tidak ada yang menjamin untuk itu, bahkan tidak perusahaan yang berani menjalankan bisnis itu. Tetapi pencapaian Jhana anda akan mendorong anda dan memastikan pengembangan lanjut , dia bekerja seperti pelayanan keamanan. Selama anda membutuhkan pengamanan, atau selama anda membutuhkan bantuan, Jhana akan datang untuk menolong anda. Jhana bergantung pada moral atau etik (Sila) dan kondisi konsentrasi (Samadhi). Hanya kebijaksanaan atau Panna yang dapat memusnahkan penghalang mental melalui pemahaman pengetahuan (Vipassana).


Lalu, ya, inilah jalannya, Jhana harus dilatih. Jika kita tidak berlatih maka akan hilang


Some Tips
Beberapa tips


Jika anda seorang umat Buddhist yang baik, seorang praktisi dari keyakinan yang lain, atau seorang profesional psychology atai konsultan, jika anda pernah mencapai Jhana atau mengalami Jhana, JANGAN BILANG BILANG kepada siapapun bahwa anda telah mengalami Jhana dan jangan menyalahgunakan Jhana. Hindari pesta (terutama dimana tersedia minuman koktail dan DJ atau Karaoke), coba untuk tinggal di tempat yang sepi, kurangi seminar, menjaga apa yang kamu makan , beli, jual dan perilaku. Banyak membantu yang lain; peduli pada yang lain dan planet ini. Dan terus mengembangkan pelatihan meditasi anda.


Jika anda seorang bikhu yang tinggal di kota atau desa (Gamavasi) yang telah mengalami Jhana dan ingin untuk meningkatkannya, anda sebaiknya pergi ke hutan. Jangan mencatat buku harian anda atau data lainnya, cukup meditasi dengan cara yang benar. Jika anda seorang bikhu yang tinggal di hutan (Arannavasi) jangan keluar dari hutan ke kota atau ke desa. Jangan menulis buku harian anda atau menitipkan pada asisten. Bila anda sudah memiliki buku harian, buang saja ke tempat sampah. Jangan terlalu sering berpergian dengan pesawat ke negara lain untuk mengajar atau untuk tujuan lainnya; jangan menerima undangan. Anda lebih baik utuk pergi lebih ke dalam hutam dan meditasi dengan cara yang benar.


Just call it Jhāna
Sebut saja Jhana


Buddha selalu menasehati pengikutnya bahwa mereka harus mencoba untuk mencapai paling tidak tingkatan tertentu dalam Jhana pada saat kehidupan saat ini sebagai manusia. Maka itu tujuan akhir dari Meditasi Buddhist adalah untuk mencapai Jhana paling sedikit. Hindari analisa intelek mengenai Jhana ; cukup sebut saja Jhana , dan bila anda ingin mengalaminya, maka alami.


Conclusion
Penutup


Sebenarnya tidak ada kata penutup. Tidak ada yang berakhir sampai kita mencapai Nibbana. Segala sesuatu memiliki efek dan efek samping, aksi dan reaksi. Apa yang membuat saya menulis tentang hal ini adalah karena permintaan dari beberapa umat Budhist yang setia yang mempertanyakan hal ini. Saya menjanjikan mereka bahwa saya akan menulis dan menjelaskan bagaimana semua ini berlaku. Saya memiliki beberapa teman yang saya minta bantuan untuk membaca dan memperbaiki tatabahasa artikel ini. Mereka memperbaiki tata bahasa saya dan beberapa mengatakan bila ada psycholog barat yang membaca artikel maka mereka akan berkata bahwa saya tidak memahami pyschology barat. Dan saya akan berkata “mungkin, mungkin tidak”.Lalu saya akan katakan bahwa mereka tidak memahami psychology buddhist ,”mungkin, mungkin tidak”. Maka , salah satu teman saya di Amerika yang berumur 24 tahun seorang siswa psychology , seorang yang sangat bijaksana, memahami ajaran Buddhist. Saya akan minta dia untuk membaca artikel ini , hanya sebagai pembaca umum dan memberikan komentar. Dia katakan bahwa artikel ini sangat informatif dan menarik untuk dibaca, mudah , jelas. Dia juga mengatakan bahwa saya terlalu khawatir dengan topik ini. Saya katakan , “Yes! Terima kasih, ini yang saya inginkan.” Saya katakan ke dia bahwa lebih dari 90% penganut Budhist tidak memahami apakah Jhana itu. Dan 95% dari para praktisi tidak punya gambaran atau bahkan mendengan apakah Jhana itu.


. Dalam sudut pandang saya, itulah Jhana. Bila kita ingin mengetahui Jhana atau mencapai Jhana , kita hanya perlu berusaha untuk mengalaminya.

Jhana

Just Call it Jhana

Just call it Jhāna

Your Jhāna attainment, safety and dangers.



Welcome to Read this Article

You are welcome to read this article. See, if you like you are welcome to continue, if you don't like it, just leave it.


What is Jhāna?

Jhāna is Jhāna. Jhāna is a pure and traditional Pāli word. We can't translate some traditional P āli words; if we could, the true essence of the word would get lost, such as The Buddha, Dhamma, Sugato, Arahant, Jhāna, and many more. So we just call it Jh āna.

There is a word in Vedic literature as well called “Dhāyana,” which has essentially the same meaning as the word Jh āna. In Hinduism or Vedic tradition Dhayana is regarded as meditation or a meditative state, considered to be instrumental in gaining self knowledge, separating Māyā (illusion) from reality to help attain the ultimate goal, Moksha. In ancient times, Dhāyana was also regarded as a kind of Yoga, such as Karma yoga, Bhakti yoga, Jn āna yoga, and so on.

Now, if you want to translate the word Jh āna into English, Buddhist scholars translate Jh āna as absorption, specifically meditative absorption. Absorption itself has many other meanings like assimilation, combination, and inclusion of thoughts, etc. In clinical practice it can be called the disordered mind being put into order. So the concept of Jhāna is all about the mind and mentality.

In the Buddhist way of saying it, it is not just considered a process of putting the disordered mind into order but also self-actualization, and it can only be gained or understood through meditation. Therefore, Jh āna is a meditative state of profound stillness and concentration. It is sometimes taught as an abiding in which the mind becomes fully immersed and absorbed in the chosen object, with singleness of attention, characterized by non-dual consciousness. It is also practiced as an abiding to observe and gain insight into the flow of experience. Even for the Buddha’s own quest for enlightenment, Jhāna(s) was always His prioritiy. Though the Jh āna state is not the insight path yet, to enter the land of insight, Jh āna works as passport, visa or permission for landing. Another key point to articulate is that the breath continues in any state of the mind, even Jh āna , which can be described as a state of willful concentration on any object (Ek āggata), a one-pointed state of consciousness.


In Buddhist Traditional Way of Teaching-

Jh āna is a state of mind that is pure, skillful, concentrated, comprehended, educated, full of wisdon, freed from worries and stresses, freed from agitation, and freed from the 5 great hindrances (Panca-nivarana). We don’t use any electronic devices to scan this mental state, but it becomes visible in how you behave, with universal love-compassion-sympathetic-joy-equanimity in combination (mettā-karunā-mudit ā-upekkhā). If you try to compute it in the alpha-delta technique, you miss the point.

So, what are five hindrances that always agitate, and stress, and pollute the mind?

They are called-

1. K āmacchanda- indulgent in delightable sensual objects ( I would simply call it lust, causes huge trouble in societies).
2. By āp āda- ill-will, extreme dislike or extremity, war, conflict, revenge. Remember, those are just the mental states. Self-conflict, domestic violence and international violence are all caused by those states of mind.
3. Uddhacca-kukkuccha- restlessness, worry, and stress are also the mental states that we/you possess. To become stressed is to become lost.
4. Thina-middha- slothful, torpor, laziness, and dullness. No matter what or how, everything you do by/for yourself in this circumstance is dull. In such situation I could be called a depressed monk [laughter], you also could be called a depressed person.
5. Ditthit- doubt, wrong view, wrong perception, wrong school, wrong teaching, wrong teacher, wrong tradition, wrong book, and wrong technique. In here rather than the negative, I would say wrong also means the unwise or unskillful thought, intention, belief, and so on. So, no matter what you do, if you are in the wrong place and doing the wrong thing, you lose everything.

So, these are the five great hindrances identified by the Buddha that cause self-conflict, domestic, international, or global violence, both internally and externally. I strongly recommend that these five names should be given to American intelligence agencies FBI and CIA to put them on the most wanted list.

Well, those five great hindrances cannot be identified, caught, controlled, defeated, or stopped until you are trained in the three-fold training, namely morality, concentration, and wisdom (sila-sam ādhi-pannā). Following or practicing the Middle Way (Majjhima-patipada ) will be the only useful and wise way to defeat them.

This entire matter and process is about MENTALITY. That’s why the Buddha used to say “Cittena niyati loko”: the world is led by the mind.

One would not be surprised if the practicioners of the materialistic traditions of clinical psychology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, and counselling called this path a 'SPIRITUAL CRISIS'. Remember, governments have to create the job market, to keep money flowing to the insurance companies, and practitioners have to pay the bills. They also have to live. Well, now if you have respect for the Buddha’s first Noble Truth which is called “STRESS”, Dukkha, and are ready to face the so-called “SPIRITUAL CRISIS”, then let us face it. You are welcome to continue reading this article.


What is the Characteristic of Jh āna?


Jh āna itself is just peace, peace, and peace. When someone attains Jhāna, the mind is freed from disturbance, from all kinds of agitation. At that time, the mind produces only wholesome, skillful and wise thoughts. That means the mind is no longer disordered and defiled. This is the state where the mind is free from defilement.


There are two forms of Jh āna:

1. Rupa Jh āna- translated as fine-material Jhāna ( they are all together 15)
2. Arupa Jh āna- translated as immaterial or formless Jhāna ( 9 in total).


Stages of the Jh āna


There are five stages of a Jh āna attained mind

1. Vitakka- initial application that directs the mind towards the object
2. Vic āra- sustained application that examines the object again and again (positively!)
3. Piti- joy or pleasurable interests in the object
4. Vedan ā- feeling, sensation. There are only two kinds of feeling that arise in the Jhāna state, and they both are affirmative. A. sukha vedanā- pleasant or agreeable feeling, which is bliss, and B. upekkhā vedanā – neutral feeling, equanimity (non-judgemental but one pointed in the thought).
5. Ekaggatā- the one-pointedness or concentration. Mind is there concentrated.


The First Jh āna State


As I have mentioned earlier there are several kinds of Jhāna stages in several forms. I would love to talk about the first Jhāna more. If you ever attain the first Jhāna: job well done (but not done yet)! Why? I'll explain to you later on.

The very first state of the Jhāna-family is as follows-

“Vitakka, vicāram, piti, sukham ekkāgatam rupavacaran kusala jhāna cittam ekam”. To attain this Jhāna the meditator (or the client) must fix his mind on the meditation object to reduce and eliminate the lower or unskilled mental qualities which are called the great five hindrances (sensual pleasure or lust, ill-will, sloth and torpor, restlessness and worry, and doubt or confusion or wrong view), and advance the growth of five Jhāna stages (as above mentioned) with the unification of mind or one-pointed-ness, depending on the exact attainment in question). In this state, only subtle mental movement remains. The ability to form unwholesome intentions ceases.

The clinical way to say this is the disordered mind is now ordered and the client is ready to be released. That’s why I said, "Job well done (but not done yet)!"


Your Safety


If, for example, you are in the Jhāna state and you die, you will go straight away to the realm of super-being, or Brahma realm. Because of non-attachment to sensual pleasure, you will not be reborn in any desiring realms such as heavenly realms, hell realms, or even the human realm. Born in the realm of super-being you will only be meditating and enjoying being there at the present moment. Then you will only go upward through your concentration and meditation to the upper realms toward the final Jhāna state of Arupa Jhāna (the immaterial world) named Nevasanna-na-sannāyātana, which means the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception. Can you imagine that situation! But you still breathe in this state and finally you head to the attainment of Nibbana, the end of suffering. Then you are done.

Clinical practitioners might call me insane, because I’m heading into NOTHINGNESS. Well, here's the REALITY. I want to say to them your reality is SEX, MONEY AND POWER, and my reality is MORALITY, CONCENTRATION and WISDOM.

You can name this NOTHINGNESS. Only we don’t call it nothingness but ever-lasting peace and happiness.


Your Dangerous Turns

Jhāna is not a permanent state. You must keep practicing in the way by which you attained it. The Jhāna state is like a rising and falling situation; it is not secured. You rise there with good intention and again you fall down with your desires. Jhāna does not secure your attainment but produces energies to fight against the five mental hindrances, and it produces peace, calm and happiness. Sometimes in Jhāna you live, leave, enjoy and come back. During those times, with a one-pointed mind, a person may develop EGO, a BIG EGO, a SUPER EGO. That is the most dangerous part, a dangerous turn. According to Buddhist teaching there is no real ego or absolute soul. We call it an illusion, a delusion, and the root cause of all mental unhappiness.

It becomes all about ego instinct, Freud calls it ID, EGO and SUPER EGO. Schopenhauer calls it SEXUALITY, LIBIDO, and SUICIDE, and the Buddha called it KAMATANHA (desire for sensual pleasure), BHAVATANHA (desire for existence), VIBHAVATANHA (desire for non-existence). According to Buddhist teaching, all kinds of desire have these kinds of effects and side-effects. So when someone attains Jhāna but does not continue his practice and again gets attached to himself and builds his ego, he keeps saying, "I have attained Jhāna," and talks about Jhāna for the purpose of gaining attention. If he does not keep practicing Jhāna, he might really get lost. In that situation, if you are a monk you might lose your attainment, your right path, then people will reconsider about you. You will become a controversial person, and finally you may lose your position and become excommunicated. If you are an ordinary follower and you build an ego as above mentioned. Your reality will be Sex, Money and Power instead of Morality, Concentration and Wisdom. That is the way you will lose your true identity.

The ego is created by a monk in this state by developing an attachment to the state that he has attained, experienced, and enjoyed. Because he developed concentration and one-pointedness, he knows what he does, but because of his purpose of gaining attention from others, getting profits from others or showing himself off to others, he creates an ego. Now in the clinical way of saying how mental or psychological practitioners develop ego, they read and write a lot, develop a certain kind of interest in other personalities, and start judging. That is the way clinical practitioners build a so-called ego.


Buddha told his students that to prevent such kinds of ego states they must not tell or show their attainments to others, even if they have attained such kinds of higher attainment or developed some kind of supernatural power. They should not tell anyone "I know this" or "I know that" (iti jānāmi, iti pssāmi). There is a rule for Monks, NOT TO SPEAK OF ATTAINMENTS. Breaking this kind of rules means loss of Monkhood (Pārājika, the 3rd grave rule).

The clinical way of saying this is: "I know this technique to prevent mental disorder I know that technique to prevent mental disorder." This is a kind of losing their personality.


How do these Hindrances could be Dangerous


In the Samyutta Nikaya, the Buddha explains with the aid of water as a smilies how each of these cloud one's mental vision. The mind at birth, the Buddha said is lustrous and pure. Its contact with the outer world that defiles and sets it a flutter like a fish thrown out of water gasping and grappling in the throes of death. The mind that for sense pleasures yearn is like a bowl of coloured water in whose admix of red, blue or yellow no true reflection of oneself can be seen. The mind that seethes with anger, is like a pot of boiling water in whose frenzy of making steam and vapour No true reflection of oneself can be seen. The mind that's overcome with sloth and torpor, is like a pond that's overgrown with moss and weeds In whose dark and murky depths of water, No true reflection of oneself can be seen. The mind to excitement and worry given, is like a sea of storm-tossed water in whose constant motion of to and fro no true reflection of oneself can be.


About Reality


There are two kinds of reality: 1. Real reality (paramattha sacca). 2. Conceptual reality (pannatti sacca). I know that this is very controversial, but I still want to mention it. I want to talk about conceptual reality; in this present day this materialistic society, we regard conceptual reality as reality, and that is sex, money and power. That is the reality, and you seek after it. The real reality of the situation is that whatever you have--money, sex, or power--one day you will die or face death and the game is over. That is the real reality. So actually we are not heading into nothingness, we are heading to the everlasting mental peace which we call Nibbāna.



Good People do Bad Things



You might think I’m judging, maybe, maybe not. What will you say then? By saying this, it also means the one-ness, in this the conceptual reality helps us to practice real reality. For example, some one is asking you for a YES or NO answer. Then you have to choose yes or no. So then simply yes could be positive and no could be negative. One of my friends from USA suggested to me that I should not translate some words into Negative or Positive, but like the translation wise and unwise, skilful and unskilful. What is the big different? Why are we so allergic to such a conceptual matter? How would we be able to face the real reality?

Let us come back to the point. I’m going to explain to you how and why good people do bad things. Again, the reason is the EGO, SELF, or SOUL. If someone in Jhāna manages to end up with the EGO, thinking he or she is super good, then they leave themselves open to do super bad, too. We live in human society, and society doesn't judge things as they are. Mahatma Gandhi (Mahanlal Karamchand Gandhi) is one my favourite personalities. He is called Mahatma. Mahatma means the Great Soul (Maha means Great and Atma means Soul). He is also known as Bapu, the Father. He was such a patient, humble, devoted, dedicated, simple, and non-violent leader. The British occupation in India was in trouble because of his leadership. Even the British Crown was shaken by the leadership of this simple living Great Soul. There is a funny scene in one Indian movie: there is a drunken actor with his friend walking in the street. The drunk actor is asking his friend, “Look, I see there is a big doll, some one must have forgotten it.” Then his friend says, "no! this is our BAPU’s idol, and it is made as a memorial and veneration to our BAPU." You know, our Bapu was a very powerful man, he always had a bamboo stick in his hand, pointing the bamboo stick to the British saying “get out of my home”, and they did.

Yes, his soul had that kind of power, Maha Atma. Sad but true, though he was such a great soul his life was not a bed of roses. He was shot to death by Nathuram Godse, a terrible victim of the ethnical division of Hindustan-Pakistan. Gandhi's decision to divide of India and Pakistan caused massive destruction, millions of humans lives have been taken, women and children were raped-tortured, killed, and houses were burnt. Even now India and Pakistan are considered traditional enemies towards of each other.

In exactly the same way, Jhāna attainment could give you such a great soul or ego. Your skeleton could be worshipped as a symbol of a nation and your bamboo stick would be more destructive than American M-16 or a Russian AK47. If you manage to misuse such a great soul, your wrong decision would cause a massive destruction by taking millions of human lives, and you would shot to death.

In the same way, if you are a monk with a great soul or ego with your Jhāna attainment, you could be worshipped by the many followers and students, many countries and traditions would invite you to pay a visit and give teachings. If you misuse the Jhāna attainment with such soul or ego, people would be traumatized by your acts, by calling you a betrayer, a loser, liar, finally you would be excommunicated.

If you are a clinical practitioner with such a kind soul or ego in such Jhāna attainment, you could be awarded by the Nobel committee for your excellent research works, you could be a national hero, could get a Ph.D. or M.D., you might get more and more clients. If you manage to misuse such a soul or ego, you might lose your licence and be prohibited from seeing clients. I heard Freud had that sort of a bad time. Even you would manage to commit suicide yourself. I also heard there are many psychologists who have committed suicide.


Not Done Yet


As I indicated earlier, even though you have attained or experienced a certain stage of Jhāna, remember, you are not done yet. By your mental power (even a certain kind of miraculous power) or any other dignity you can be a king, queen, a president, a nobel prize winner, a good person in society, a good husband or wife, a good monk, a saint, a good psychologist or therapist, and so on. However, if we don’t keep practicing, we can get really messed up with nasty stuff.

Please note that Jhāna doesn’t eradicate mental hindrances from the mind. There is no insurance for that, no companies even do that business. But your Jhāna attainment encourages you and keeps secure your further development, it works like a security service. As long as you need security, or as long as you need help, Jhāna comes along and helps you. Jhāna depends on your moral or ethical (Sila) and concentrative circumstances (Samādhi). Only Pannā or wisdom can eradicate the metal hindrances through insight knowledge (Vipassanā).

So, yes, in this way, Jhāna has to kept in practice. If we don’t do that then we lose it.


Some Tips


If you are a good Buddhist, a practitioner of another faith, or a professional psychologist or counselor, if ever you have attained Jhāna or experienced Jhāna, DO NOT TELL anyone that you have experienced Jhāna and please don't misuse Jhāna. Avoid parties (especially where cocktails and DJ or Karaoke are available), try to live in a quiet place, avoid attending seminars often, be wise of what you eat, buy, sell and do. Be generous to others; care for others as well as the planet. And keep to your practice of meditation up.


If you are a city or village-dwelling monk (Gāmavāsi) who has experienced Jhāna and want to develop it further, you better go to the forest. Do not keep your diary or any data entry stuff, just meditate in the right way. If you are a forest-living monk (Arannavāsi) do not come out from the forest to a city or village. Do not keep your diary with you or any assistant. If you already have one throw it in the garbage bin. Do not fly often to other countries for teaching or any other purposes; do not receive any invitation. You're better off to go deeper into the forest and meditate in the right way.


Just call it Jh āna


The Buddha always advised his followers that they should try to attain at least a certain kind of Jhāna state in their present human lives. That’s why the purpose or ultimate goal of the Buddhist meditation is to attain at least Jhāna. Avoid intellectual analysis of Jhāna; just call it Jhāna, and if you wish to experience, go for it.


Conclusion


Well, there is no true conclusion. Nothing actually concludes until we attain Nibbāna. Everything has is effect and side-effect, action and reaction. What made me write this thing was a request from some Devoted Buddhists who are concerned about a matter. I promised them I would write and explain how these things happen. I have some friends here that I asked to read and correct the grammar of this article. They did correct my grammar and some said if any western psychologist read this article they would say that I don’t understand western psychology. And I said ‘maybe, maybe not’. Then I said to them that they don’t understand Buddhist psychology, ‘maybe, maybe not’. So, one of my friends in the U.S.A, who is 24, a student of psychology, a very wise person, knows about Buddhist teaching. I asked him to read this article, just as a general reader and comment on it. He said that it is very informative and very interesting to read, easy, clear. He also said that I was too overly concerned about the topic. I said, ‘Yes! thank you’, this is just what I wanted.' I told him that more than 90% of traditional Buddhists don’t understand exactly what Jhana is. And 95%f clinical practitioners have no idea or even never heard of what Jhāna is.

In my point of view, that is the Jhāna. If we want to know Jhāna or attain Jhāna we just need to go for it.


Thank you for reading this.

Eight kinds of Ordination and Atthagarudhamma

There are 8 kinds of ordination procedure (of Buddhist Monastic order)

1. ‘Ehi Bhikkhu Upasampada’ ‘Come, O monks….’

This was the first kind of ordination. After listening to the discourse, any matured person who was convinced of the Dhamma, could be ordained by the Buddha in this manner. Buddha stretched his right palm and say Ehi Bhikkhu and the man would be accepted into the order. He would put on his robe and shaved his head. This ordination became higher ordination at the same time. Today the tradition is different as both ordination and higher ordination are on 2 occasions. (Pabbajja is ordination, i.e. entrance to the order. Upasampada is higher ordination.)

History says the fivefold disciples (Pancavaggiya) of the Buddha were the first who received the EHI BHIKKHU UPASAMPADA. Ultimately, such kind of ordination can be carried out only by the Buddha.


2. (Ti)Sarana-gamana Upasampada

Initially, only Buddha could ordain monks. This became time and energy consuming. The Buddha then said to his monks “O monks, I advise you to give ordination and higher ordination wherever you are. Today, I’m going to share with you the ordination process. From today onwards, you will be able to ordain others.”

Ordination process introduced by the Buddha: - where the monks take refuge in the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha.

Buddha saranam gacchami- I go for refuge to the Buddha (Teacher)
Dhamma saranam acchami- I go for refuge to the Dhamma (the Teaching)
Sangham saranam gacchani- I go for refuge to the Sangha (the Taught)


3. Natti-Catuttha-kamma Upasampada

Sariputta ordained a very old Brahmin, Radha. Some Sangha members objected. Radha, he turned light and emaciated on being refused ordination. The request was then put forward to the Sangha. There is no need to depend on a single individual for ordination.

The Buddha enjoined the monks to confer higher ordination by the motion followed by three announcements. It is a procedure whereby the Sangha gathers to hear the motion that so-and-so requests acceptance into the Sangha, and then listens in silence to three announcements. If there is no objections as indicated by silence, the person is accepted as a monk under a preceptor.

This is the standard procedure for conferring higher ordination in all Theravada countries today.


4. Ovadapatiggahana (Acceptance of advice)

The acceptance of 3 sermons given to Mahakassapa by the Buddha was sufficient for him to be admitted into the order.

* One should develop a keen sense of shame and fear of wrong doing towards all monks in the Sangha
* One should listen attentively, examine and reflect and then absorb wholesome teachings
* One should always train in Mindfulness.

5. Panhabyakarana (Answering questions)

Answering questions set by the Buddha to Boy, Sopaka was sufficient for him to be admitted into the order.

What is one? All beings are sustained by food
What are the two? Name and form
What are the three? The three sensations
What are the four? The four Noble truths
…………five? Clinging to the 5 aggregates
……… six? Six sense bases
………seven? Seven factors of enlightenment
……… eight? Eightfold Noble Path
………..nine? Nine abodes of beings
…………ten? Ten qualities of arahant

Sopaka was born of low caste parents. His father died when he was a baby and his mother remarried. His stepfather disliked him very much and one day became angry when Sopaka quarreled with his own son. He dragged Sopaka off to the cemetery and tied him to a dead body. Sopaka was saved by the the Buddha who preached to him and he realized first stage of Sainthood. His mother searching for Sopaka was in despair and she sought the Buddha’s help. He advised her that there was no purpose in looking for children and relatives without seeking for path of deliverance. She realized first stage of Sainthood while Sopaks realized Arahantship. He was seven years old only.


6. Atthagarudhamma (Acceptance of eight strict rules)

Mahapajapati Gotami was eventually accepted into the order by agreeing to accept the eight strict rules in accordance to Bhikkhuni Khandhaka of the Cullavagga Pali.


7. Dutena (Through an emissary)

With reference to a former courtesan, Addhakasi; the Buddha empowered the monks to confer Higher Ordination through an emissary.


8. Atthavacika (Pronouncement of eight times)

Motion and announcement are pronounced eight times before both monk and nun communities.


Previously, ordination and higher ordination were conferred at the same time. However there were a group of monks who misbehaved, they reiterated that they did not request for higher ordination. Hence, upasampada was made on a separate occasion to be witnessed by a group of monks and the samanera or novice has to request from the Sangha thrice for higher ordination.

Present days, one who wants become fully ordained monk, has to ordain as a SAMANERA first. That kind of ordination called SAMANERA PABBAJJAM.

According to Theravada tradition, even if you have a close look at above mentioned procedures, only ATTHAGARU DHAMMA (Acceptence of eight strict rules) is only procedure for the Bhikkhuni ordination.

Mother, You Don't have to Fight to be a Woman!

Mother, You Don’t Have to Fight to Be a Woman!

By- Praggananda Sraman






Foreword


I want to tell my mother that she doesn’t have to fight to be a woman, and tell my father that he doesn't have to prove he's a man. Sisters of the Buddhist society, you don’t have to fight for recognition or leadership. You already have it!

In this short writing I won't try to be academic or scholarly, with tons of citations and references. Instead, I'd like to just talk about my experiences and the opinions I’ve arrived at as a result of my life as a Buddhist and as a Buddhist Bhikkhu, something I have been for a considerable period. According to the Kālāma Sutta preached by the Buddha, you don’t have to believe what others say unless it accords with your own understanding.

General Beliefs

All myths say the earth was created for man and woman equally. Some say men are from Mars and Women are from Venus. Science also believes that among the living and conscious beings in this world cycle, human beings are extraordinary and amazing. The Buddha also said that to be born a human is extremely rare and hard.

Contemporary Issues

The world hears so much about Rights, Women's Rights, Children's Rights, Labour Rights, Religious Rights, so many rights. No one talks about Men's Rights, though. There is a reason for that. There is a Universal Declaration, that ‘Man and Woman are Equal', yet women still have to fight to be on an equal footing with men. This is why there is much talk of Women's Rights; men already have theirs.

In fact, this is a very big contemporary western issue. It's very much a materialist topic. Sorry if I'm wrong, but it seems that women -- in the west at least -- only want to be equal to men with regard to money and power, the underlying essence of a civilization obsessed with material pursuits. It's very defensive! But believe it or not, they are not pioneers, however. Even in Shakespear's time women were prohibited from acting in plays. But the Buddha gave official authority for women to lead society centuries before him, around 2550 BCE. World’s first woman Prime Minister, Srimabho BandarNayeke of Sri Lanka, is an Asian.

Research works say women are more religious and spiritual than men. I myself have done research work on this issue, and female participation is always higher than male participation in any Buddhist religious celebration or festival (75%-80%).

Philosophical Aspect

In the Vedic Upanisad, it is said that the goal of life is union with Brahma, a divine being, who is sexless (or occasionally male or female), in sense of non-duality or non-discrimination.

Being principally a spiritually and extraordinarily creative being, a (hu) man’s course is to develop towards a state of perfection. Through the rebirth process, returning to the earth for many lives, sometime as a man and sometime as a woman, one experiences the bodies of both sexes, depending on their Kamma (karma) and desires. The incidences of sex, as with all other incidences, is governed by the Law of Cause and Effect, and progressively, as the individual comes to understand the working of this law, he is able, with its help, to direct his own life.

Consequently, in their spiritual essence, man and woman are the same. Their differences are the result of their different evolution as individuals, emphasized or lessened by the sex of the body used in any particular life. As man and woman, different but complementary, neither being inferior to the other, they are co-operators. In society, man and woman each contribute characteristic qualities to the integral whole, and the well-being of society depends upon the recognition of this and of their different needs, natures and contributions.

Hence consciousness is sexless. Spiritually, man evolves through the bodies of either sex, being both masculine and feminine, and retaining within himself the essence of experience both as a man and as a woman. The spiritual and perfected man is a true androgyne, neither one sex nor the other in essence, although the body may be male or female. So when the individual has experienced many lives the male and female sides of his nature tend to come together. Some more highly developed human beings are already beginning to foreshadow in their mental make-up that higher and balanced hermaphroditism of perfect humanity.

Therefore we see that although the wearing of a female body enjoins certain definite functions on the physical plane, and although the nature of physical body modifies to some extent the emotion and the mind, the spiritual individual may be deeply concerned with activities in which the characteristic of the opposite sex are dominant. Therefore it is unjust to limit either man or woman to a certain set of activities merely on account of the sex of the body.

I have studied Science quite a bit. It is often said that the differences between the sexes are merely caused by biology and environment, but while this is superficially true, it is ultimately a difference in Kamma. Not any chemical imbalance, it is because of Kamma (Karma) imbalance.

Psychological Aspects


The psychophysical is composed of 28 kinds of matter (Rūpa), among them there are 2 kinds of matter called matter of sex, Bhāvarūpa, the male sex (Purisabhāva rūpa), and the female sex (Itthibhāva rūpa). These particles of matter are dispersed all over the body. Just like branches, leaves, and fruits of the tree grow according to the seed and the soil. So the physique, organs, behaviour and characteristics in the male and female are dependent upon the matter of female sex and the matter of male sex respectively.

The physique or organs, voice, touch, and scent of a female, the taste of food prepared by a female, the contact of a female body, are, it seems, the most desirable things in the world for a man. The converse is also true for a female.

We perceive these things as desirable objects, rather than just mind and matter (Nāma-rūpa), and this is the root cause of the sexual problem, and it is suffering (Dukkha).

What the Historical Records Say!

Records say the Buddha was not the first person who established a Bhikkhuni (Nun) community. A contemporary heretical teacher, Nigghanta Nāthaputta, who was also known as Jīna (the leader of Jainism), had a nun community. But there were many criticisms among the society about that nun community. The Buddha was cautious and didn’t want to have any criticism among his community. He wanted Sāsana to keep pure and long live. That’s why he rejected 3 times Mahāpajāpati’s request. But Ānanda pushed him to allow the Bhikkuni community. It actually doesn’t mean that the Buddha didn’t want to; he was observing the society and the response to the nun community, and the future consequences. He said many times ‘I’m not one-sided. I’m an analyser.’ To keep balance between Bhikkhu and Bukkhuni he set up 8 strict rules (Attagarudhamma) as a condition that a Bhikkhuni has to follow. But I’m afraid to say that the Sangha could reform the pure Bhikkhuni community but couldn’t change the 8 strict rules. Impossible! The root problem is here.

The monk communities in ancient India and in its subcontinent many times disappeared and reappeared. Everybody blames the word ‘ANICCA’, poor ANICCA! but this Anicca or impermanence is not alone to be blamed. Corruption is one of them; the hard teaching of attaining Nibbāna is another one. There was also lack of patronage, and then there were foreign invasions.

Myanmar (Burma) borrowed pure monks from Sri Lanka and dispelled the corrupted ones. Sri Lanka did the same. Thailand reformed the Sańgha many times by taking pure monks from LankaDīpa and Lankan did the same. It terrifies me to think what happened to the Bhikkhuni(s) in those times!

Present Bhikkhuni communities either Theravāda or Mahāyāna were derived from Sri Lanka since the Northerners (Chinese) were interested in Buddhism and borrowed Bhikkhunis from Sri Lanka to form a new community there. And Bhikkhuni Sanghamitta, the daughter of Emperor Asoka who was purely ordained (after 300 years of The Buddha’s demise), was sent to Lankadīpa to reform the Bhikkhuni Sāsana there. So, present Buddhist Nun community is a replica of this.


What we could do!

According to orthodox Buddhist leaders that pure and acceptable Bhikkhuni Sāsana doesn't exist anymore in this world. True or false, I say either-neither. Some might challenge the orthodoxy, citing the statements of the Buddha where He gave authority to the Sańgha (More than 4/5> 8 or more monks) to change and reform the rules accord to what suits the Sāsana, for the good of many, for the good of the Sāsana, for social needs to be met. If society needs it, what is our problem then?

I’m sorry to say that present days nuns are not interested in Attagarudhamma. (Probably Women's Rights is what modern women are keen on). A few days ago I met a nun in Australia, she is from the USA. She is a Sri Lankan, and she said the Atthagarudhamma is not appointed by the Buddha. The monks who wrote the Piţakas were all men. It is so pathetic. It terrified me. We should do something before the corruption gets worse. Please, just take it as an example.

It is not just ‘TRUE’

That women can’t attain Arahanthood (Enlightenment) or any higher state is just not a true statement. Please, read the original texts- commentary- sub-commentary to Therigāthā, Mahāparinibbāna Sutta. One thing for certain is that every Buddha-to-be (Bodhisatta) determines or wishes that, in his or her final life, takes the human form of a male. That's about it.


Women are doing better

According to my experience, the women in the Buddhist societies are doing better. The nuns in Myanmar are very religious; in Thailand they are very devoted; in Tibetan, they are also very active. Women are the biggest supporter of the Buddhist communities. Women's organizations are so active, resourceful, and well organized. They are caring; they care like a mother cares for her child, the mother-nature!

Conclusion

Humanity is being destroyed. The environmental crisis, global economical crisis, social instability, terrorism, everything because of human greed, anger, and delusion. But we are Buddhists; we know how to live in a way that not only is better for ourselves individually, but for society and the world as a whole. So say, ‘YES, WE CAN’.

The Buddha’s teachings still exist and teach us how to develop peace, prosperity, and spirituality, with love, compassion, sympathy, non-discrimination, and wisdom. Man or woman, we’re the ONE, living like milk-water.

Sangha also means Unity. Men-women, monk-nun, we live in the society like milk-water. So sisters, you don’t have to seek outside yourselves for leadership; you are already the best leaders.


May the Sāsana live long!

Please, send your comment to dhammapsyche@hotmail.com
Also please share to others as gifts of dhamma.

I appreciate your helps

Black Sunday is Darkening the Sasana

Dear Friends in Dhamma

Many things going on! I'm just observing the situation. Just worried about the innocent Buddhists, how are they dealing with the trauma!

Please, know and learn what is Attha Garudhamma, addopted by the Buddha-

Attha graudhamma is a Pure Buddhist Pali word. Attha+garu+dhamma, meanings eight-grave-rule(s).

according to the History of Buddhism, Atthagarudhamma was laid down by the the Buddha Himself.

What are they-

1. A nun who has been ordained (even) for a century must greet respectfully, rise up from her seat, salute with joined palms, do proper homage to a monk ordained but that day.

2. A nun must not spend the rains in a residence where is no monk (resides).

3. Every half month a nun should desire two things from the order of monk, (1) asking for the day of Uposatha (1) and coming for the observation (teaching, e,g).

4. After the rains a num "must" invite before both Orders respect of 3 matters, i. what was seen, ii. what was heard. iii. what was suspected.

5. A nun, offending against an important rule, must udergo Manatta or the discipline for half a month.

6. When, as a probitioner, she has trained in six rules for two years, she is worthy of seek for ordination.

7. A monk must not be abused or reviled in a way by a nun.

8. From to-day now-on the admonition of monks by nuns is forbidden, admonision of nuns by monks is not forbidden.


I hope to share you some more information about it, please, leave your comments. Thanks to all of you. Please, just stay calm.


If you want to have a Copy of my latest article with the title " MOTHER, YOU DON'T HAVE TO FIGHT TO BE A WOMAN', please e-mail to dhammapsyche@hotmail.com.

Thank you!